Comprehensive Cybersecurity Roadmap.

1. Introduction to Cybersecurity

• What is Cybersecurity?
  • Importance of Cybersecurity
  • Key Concepts and Terminology
• Setting Up Your Environment
  • Virtual Machines (VMs), Kali Linux, Security Tools

2. Networking Basics

• Networking Fundamentals
  • TCP/IP Model, OSI Model
  • IP Addressing, Subnetting
  • Common Protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DNS, SMTP)
• Network Devices and Topologies
  • Routers, Switches, Firewalls
  • Network Topologies (LAN, WAN, VLAN, VPN)

3. Operating Systems

• Windows OS
  • Windows Architecture, PowerShell Basics
  • Windows Security Features and Tools
• Linux OS
  • Linux Basics, Command Line Interface (CLI)
  • Linux Security Features and Tools

4. Cyber Threats and Attack Vectors

• Types of Cyber Threats
  • Malware (Virus, Worm, Trojan, Ransomware, Spyware, Adware)
  • Phishing, Social Engineering
  • Denial of Service (DoS), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
• Attack Vectors
  • Network Attacks, Application Attacks, Physical Attacks

5. Security Principles and Frameworks

• CIA Triad
  • Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
• Security Models and Frameworks
  • NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, CIS Controls

6. Cryptography

• Basics of Cryptography
  • Encryption and Decryption, Hashing, Digital Signatures
• Types of Cryptography
  • Symmetric Encryption (AES, DES), Asymmetric Encryption (RSA, ECC)
• Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
  • Certificates, Certificate Authorities (CA), SSL/TLS

7. Risk Management

• Risk Assessment and Analysis
  • Identifying and Assessing Risks
  • Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Analysis
• Risk Mitigation
  • Risk Management Strategies, Risk Treatment Plans

8. Security Operations

• Incident Response
  • Incident Response Lifecycle, Handling Incidents
  • Forensics and Analysis
• Monitoring and Logging
  • Setting Up and Managing Logs, SIEM Tools
• Threat Intelligence
  • Sources of Threat Intelligence, Analyzing Threat Data

9. Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking

• Introduction to Penetration Testing
  • Planning and Scoping
  • Rules of Engagement
• Penetration Testing Phases
  • Reconnaissance, Scanning, Exploitation, Post-Exploitation, Reporting
• Ethical Hacking Tools
  • Nmap, Metasploit, Wireshark, Burp Suite

10. Secure Coding and Application Security

• Secure Software Development
  • Secure Coding Practices, Code Reviews
  • Common Vulnerabilities (OWASP Top 10)
• Application Security Testing
  • Static Analysis, Dynamic Analysis, Penetration Testing

11. Cloud Security

• Introduction to Cloud Computing
  • Cloud Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)
  • Cloud Deployment Models (Public, Private, Hybrid)
• Cloud Security Principles
  • Shared Responsibility Model, Cloud Security Best Practices
• Securing Cloud Services
  • Identity and Access Management (IAM), Data Protection, Compliance

12. Identity and Access Management (IAM)

• Basics of IAM
  • Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA)
• IAM Tools and Technologies
  • Single Sign-On (SSO), Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Directory Services (Active Directory)

13. Compliance and Legal Aspects

• Regulatory Compliance
  • GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS
• Legal and Ethical Considerations
  • Cyber Laws, Intellectual Property, Privacy Laws

14. Security Auditing

• Conducting Security Audits
  • Internal and External Audits
  • Compliance Audits
• Audit Tools and Techniques
  • Vulnerability Scanners, Configuration Management Tools

15. Emerging Technologies and Trends

• Emerging Threats
  • Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), Zero-Day Exploits
• New Security Technologies
  • Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Security
  • Blockchain Security, Quantum Cryptography

16. Career Development in Cybersecurity

• Certifications
  • CompTIA Security+, Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)
• Building a Portfolio
  • Practical Projects, Labs, Capture the Flag (CTF) Competitions
• Networking and Community Involvement
  • Joining Cybersecurity Forums, Attending Conferences, Participating in Hackathons

17. Continuous Learning

• Staying Updated
  • Following Cybersecurity News, Research Papers, Security Blogs
• Learning Resources
  • Online Courses, Books, Webinars, Community Forums

This comprehensive roadmap provides a structured approach to mastering cybersecurity, from basic concepts to advanced techniques. Adjust the roadmap according to your learning pace and goals. Stay secure!